How to Write Fantasy: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners
If you’ve ever dreamed of crafting your own magical realm, populating it with unforgettable characters, and weaving epic tales of heroism, treachery, and triumph, welcome to the wild and wonderful world of fantasy writing!
But learning how to write fantasy isn’t just about spinning fantastical ideas—it’s about creating a world that feels rich, layered, and alive.
How do you make readers believe in your magic?
How do you keep them turning the pages long into the night?
This guide is packed with actionable tips, examples, and resources to help you conquer the sometimes-daunting process of writing fantasy fiction.
Let’s dive in.
Topics covered in this post:
What is fantasy writing?
Fantasy is the genre where imagination reigns supreme. It’s not bound by the rules of the real world, but it still needs to have rules—your rules. At its core, fantasy is about exploring the impossible and making it feel plausible.
Fantasy fiction often features:
Worlds that don’t exist (Middle-earth, Prythian, Westeros)
Magic systems with unique rules (think wands, spells, and bending elements)
Mythical creatures (dragons, elves, talking lions—you name it)
Epic conflicts (good vs. evil, survival, revenge, or reclaiming lost thrones)
But don’t get trapped by tropes. Fantasy is what you make it. Your story doesn’t need to have dragons or wizards; it just needs to transport readers somewhere extraordinary.
How to start writing a fantasy book
Starting a fantasy novel can feel like standing at the edge of a vast, uncharted world. It’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the sheer scope of possibilities.
But learning how to start writing a fantasy book doesn’t have to be daunting if you approach it step by step. Here’s how you can take your first steps into building your own magical world and writing a story that readers won’t be able to put down.
1. Start with a "what if"
Many great fantasy stories begin with a simple yet compelling question: What if...? These two words can unlock endless possibilities for your imagination. For example:
What if magic were real but only a select few could use it?
What if the sun never set on a particular kingdom, plunging its people into endless daylight?
What if a forgotten race of beings returned to reclaim their lands?
Your "what if" is the seed of your story—the spark that ignites your imagination. Once you have your "what if," start exploring its implications.
How does this idea impact your world, your characters, and the plot? This foundational question can shape the direction of your entire novel.
2. Sketch your world
Worldbuilding is one of the most exciting aspects of learning how to write fantasy. Your world is the stage where your characters will live, fight, and grow. Before you dive into writing, take some time to sketch out the basics:
Geography: Is your world a sprawling continent, an archipelago, or something entirely unique, like floating islands?
Culture and traditions: What are the beliefs, customs, and celebrations of the people who inhabit your world?
Politics and power structures: Who rules, and how do they maintain control? Are there rebellions, alliances, or ancient rivalries at play?
Magic and technology: Is your world steeped in ancient magic, or is it a blend of fantasy and futuristic tech?
You don’t need a 50-page backstory for your world (at least, not yet). Start small. Focus on the elements that directly impact your story, and let the rest evolve naturally.
3. Define your magic (or lack thereof)
Magic is often the heartbeat of a fantasy novel, but if you’re wondering how to write fantasy that feels believable, it’s crucial to give your magic system structure and rules.
Even if your story doesn’t include magic, there’s likely something extraordinary about your world that will shape how it functions—be it advanced technology, mystical creatures, or otherworldly phenomena.
Ask yourself:
Who can use magic, and how is it accessed?
What are the limits of magic? (For example, can magic solve every problem, or does it come with risks and costs?)
How does magic affect society? (Is it a closely guarded secret, or does everyone wield it?)
Consider examples like Brandon Sanderson’s Mistborn series, where magic users consume specific metals to fuel their abilities. This approach gives the magic system a tangible, rule-based structure that feels real to readers.
Defining the boundaries of your magic (or lack thereof) will prevent it from becoming a deus ex machina—a convenient way to resolve problems without consequence. Instead, it will enrich your world and provide meaningful challenges for your characters.
Develop characters readers will love (or love to hate)
Fantasy may be full of extraordinary settings, but your characters are the heart of the story. Here’s how to make them unforgettable:
Give them flaws
Perfect heroes are boring. Readers connect with characters who struggle. Maybe your protagonist is impulsive, stubborn, or haunted by a tragic past. Flaws create depth and relatability.
Craft compelling motivations
Ask yourself: What does each character want, and why? A character driven by revenge will act very differently than one seeking redemption.
Build complex villains
Your antagonist should be more than just “evil for the sake of evil.” Give them a backstory, motivations, and perhaps even a few redeeming qualities. Think Loki from Thor—he’s mischievous, morally gray, and endlessly entertaining.
For more inspiration, check out this guide on how to write multi-dimensional fantasy characters.
How to write a fantasy novel with unforgettable plots
Creating a plot that captivates readers and keeps them turning the pages is at the heart of learning how to write a fantasy novel.
Fantasy plots are often grand in scale, rich with twists, and brimming with emotional stakes. Here’s how to craft a story that leaves readers spellbound.
1. Start with the hero’s journey (and tweak it)
The hero’s journey is a classic storytelling structure that works beautifully in fantasy. It follows a protagonist as they embark on an adventure, face challenges, and undergo transformation. Think Frodo in The Lord of the Rings or Celaena in Throne of Glass.
But don’t feel restricted to this formula. You can adapt and tweak it to fit your unique vision. For example:
What if your protagonist isn’t the chosen one but an unwilling sidekick who gets thrust into the role?
What if the journey is more about internal growth than defeating an external evil?
What if the "mentor figure" turns out to be the story’s villain?
If you’re looking for inspiration or guidance, download our free Hero’s Journey Template. It’s a step-by-step tool to help you map out your story while leaving room for creativity.
2. Raise the stakes
Fantasy thrives on stakes that feel larger than life. What happens if your hero fails?
The consequences should feel monumental—not just to your characters, but to your readers. High stakes don’t necessarily mean the fate of the world has to hang in the balance (though it can). Instead, think about what matters most to your protagonist:
Personal stakes: Maybe your hero risks losing their family, their freedom, or their sense of self.
Relational stakes: Perhaps their actions could destroy an important friendship or love.
Global stakes: A kingdom could fall, a war could be lost, or an ancient evil could rise again.
The key is to make the stakes personal and relatable, even if they’re wrapped in fantastical trappings. Readers will care more if they can empathize with what’s at risk.
3. Embrace subplots
Subplots are where your story gains depth and complexity. They can show different sides of your characters, build relationships, and add tension to the main plot.
When thinking about how to write a fantasy novel, consider weaving in a few compelling subplots, such as:
A romantic subplot: Will they or won’t they? A love story can add emotional stakes and soften even the grittiest protagonist.
A rivalry subplot: Perhaps your hero has a rival within their own team or someone chasing the same goal.
A secret subplot: Maybe your protagonist is hiding something that could change how others view them.
Subplots aren’t distractions—they’re opportunities to deepen your characters and enrich your story’s world. Just make sure they eventually tie back to the main plot for a cohesive narrative.
4. Build toward an unforgettable climax
The climax is the heart of your fantasy novel—it’s where everything you’ve built toward comes to a head. To create a truly memorable climax:
Bring all your story threads together in a way that feels earned.
Challenge your hero with their greatest fear or flaw.
Ensure the stakes are at their highest point.
Think about what will resonate most with your readers and leave them feeling satisfied but eager for more (especially if you’re planning a series).
5. Surprise your readers
Fantasy readers love a good twist, but it has to feel natural and not forced. Consider ways to subvert expectations, such as:
Revealing that the hero’s mentor has been working against them all along.
Introducing a moral dilemma where there’s no clear “right” choice.
Showing that the antagonist has noble motives or isn’t the true villain.
Unexpected turns keep readers engaged and elevate your story from predictable to unforgettable.
Worldbuilding: The soul of fantasy fiction
Worldbuilding is where fantasy writers shine. To create a world readers will want to revisit, consider:
Culture and history
What are the customs, religions, and traditions of your world? How do its people celebrate, mourn, or mark important events?
Think about how history has shaped the present.
Are there ancient conflicts still casting a shadow? Lost empires that left behind ruins or artifacts? These details add richness and depth, making your world feel lived-in.
Geography and environment
Does your world feature an endless desert where water is worth more than gold? A frozen tundra where survival depends on warmth and unity? Or perhaps a lush jungle teeming with mysterious creatures?
Geography doesn’t just set the scene; it affects how your characters live, trade, and fight. The environment can create unique challenges and opportunities that drive the story forward.
Languages and naming conventions
While inventing an entire language isn’t necessary, naming conventions can make your world feel cohesive and authentic.
Names should match the tone and culture of the region. A kingdom called Eldrinth exudes a sense of grandeur and mystery, while a neighboring city named Bobsville might break immersion (unless humor is your goal). Consistency is key!
Need help organizing it all (with prompts and built-in examples to boot)? Say no more ↓
Actionable tips for staying motivated
Writing a fantasy novel is an ambitious and rewarding journey, but it’s easy to get overwhelmed along the way.
Staying motivated is the key to finishing your story. If you’re wondering how to write fantasy and keep the momentum going, here are some actionable tips to help:
1. Set small, achievable goals
Don’t try to conquer your entire novel in one sitting. Instead, break it into manageable pieces. Aim to write 500 words a day, finish one scene per week, or even outline a single chapter. Small wins add up over time and keep you feeling accomplished.
2. Create a writing routine
Consistency is your best friend. Whether you write in the early mornings, during lunch breaks, or late at night, find a time that works for you and make it a habit. Protect this time fiercely—it’s your space to let creativity flow.
3. Use tools to stay organized and efficient
Writing software can make a huge difference when tackling a large project like a fantasy novel.
Scrivener: Perfect for organizing your notes, outlines, and drafts all in one place. Its corkboard and binder features are great for plotting complex stories.
ProWritingAid: A powerful tool for editing and improving your prose. It checks grammar, style, and readability, helping you polish your story as you go.
4. Embrace the mess
Your first draft doesn’t need to be perfect—it just needs to exist. Allow yourself to write without overthinking every word. You can always refine, polish, and edit later. Give yourself permission to create freely, knowing that revision is where the magic happens.
5. Find your tribe
Writing doesn’t have to be a solitary journey. Join online writing communities (list below) or local groups to connect with others who share your passion. Sharing your work, trading feedback, and celebrating milestones together can reignite your motivation.
Some online communities you can check out:
Reddit’s fantasy writing community
6. Spark inspiration when you're stuck
Even the best writers hit creative blocks. When you’re struggling to move forward, a spark of inspiration can make all the difference.
Check out these fantasy writing prompts to get your creativity flowing. These prompts are perfect for brainstorming new ideas, developing characters, or exploring untapped aspects of your world.
How long should a fantasy novel be?
One of the most common questions new authors ask when figuring out how to write fantasy is: How long should my novel be?
The answer depends on several factors, including your target audience, the complexity of your story, and whether you’re writing a standalone book or part of a series.
Here’s a breakdown to guide you:
Word count guidelines for fantasy novels
Fantasy novels tend to be longer than books in other genres due to the need for extensive worldbuilding, intricate plots, and large casts of characters. While there are no hard-and-fast rules, these word counts can serve as benchmarks:
Young Adult (YA) Fantasy: 70,000 to 100,000 words. YA fantasy often has a faster pace and fewer subplots than adult fantasy, which keeps the word count more manageable.
Adult Fantasy: 90,000 to 120,000 words. This is the sweet spot for most adult fantasy novels, offering enough space to develop complex worlds and characters without overwhelming readers.
Epic Fantasy: 120,000 words or more. Some epic fantasy books, like George R.R. Martin’s A Game of Thrones, can even reach 300,000+ words! These sprawling tales are usually part of a series and cater to readers who love immersive, multi-layered stories.
If you’re writing your first fantasy novel, aim for the middle of these ranges. A 100,000-word book is long enough to dive into your world but not so massive that it becomes intimidating to complete—or to sell.
Pacing vs. length: Why balance matters
Length alone doesn’t make a fantasy novel great—pacing is just as important. A 150,000-word book can feel short if every scene adds value, while a 90,000-word novel can drag if it’s full of unnecessary filler.
When deciding how long your fantasy novel should be, focus on:
Tight storytelling: Every scene should move the plot forward, develop a character, or enrich the world.
Engaging subplots: Subplots can add depth, but make sure they tie back into the main story rather than meandering off course.
How to trim or expand your word count
If your draft feels too short or too long, here are some tips to adjust:
To expand: Look for opportunities to deepen character arcs, add subplots, or explore unexplored parts of your world.
To trim: Cut scenes or descriptions that don’t serve the story. Streamline dialogue and tighten repetitive passages.
Readers’ expectations
Remember, your target audience matters. YA readers may prefer shorter, faster-paced books, while adult fantasy fans often expect a more substantial read.
Check out the word counts of books similar to yours to get a sense of what readers in your genre expect.
Ready to bring your fantasy world to life?
Figuring out how to write fantasy isn’t just about mastering a craft—it’s about diving headfirst into your imagination and seeing where it takes you.
Whether you’re just getting started or polishing a nearly finished draft, we hope this guide has given you the spark (and the tips) you need to bring your world and story to life.
Here’s a quick recap:
Start with a "what if" to kick off your story with an exciting idea.
Build a world worth exploring by digging into its culture, geography, and unique quirks.
Craft characters readers will root for (or love to hate). Give them flaws, goals, and plenty of juicy conflicts.
Keep your plot gripping with high stakes, rich subplots, and a killer climax.
Stay motivated. Set small goals, make writing a habit, and find your tribe to cheer you on.
Remember, you don’t have to do this alone! Check out our fantasy writing workbooks and templates to make things easier—and way more fun ⬇️
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Do I have to create a map for my fantasy world?
Not necessarily, but maps can be a great tool for keeping your world consistent. They help you visualize geography, track your characters’ journeys, and give readers a sense of place. Even a simple hand-drawn map can go a long way in grounding your story.
Should my fantasy story include a prologue?
Prologues can work well in fantasy, especially if you want to introduce key backstory or set up an event that shapes the world or plot. However, avoid using a prologue as an info-dump. If it doesn’t enhance the story or hook readers, consider starting with your main narrative instead.
Do I need to follow traditional fantasy tropes?
Not at all! While classic tropes like "the chosen one" or "the ancient prophecy" can be great starting points, don’t feel boxed in by tradition. Readers love fresh takes on familiar ideas, so put your own spin on the tropes or subvert them entirely. The key is to make your story uniquely yours while still delivering the sense of wonder and adventure that fantasy fans crave.
